Diarrheal Diseases

Diarrheal diseases are often caused outbreaks (Extraordinary Events) as well as by the number of cholera sufferers a lot in a short time. But with the rapid treatment of diarrhea, appropriate and quality of death can be reduced to a minimum. In October 1992 discovered a new strain that is Vibrio Cholera 0139 which was later replaced V. cholerae El Tor strain in 1993 and then disappeared in the years 1995 to 1996, except in India and Bangladesh are still found. While E. Coli 0157 as the cause of bloody diarrhea and HUS (Haemolytic Uraemia Syndrome). Outbreaks have occurred in the USA, Japan, South Africa and Australia. And for both strains on Indonesia itself has never been detected.

Definition
A disease with signs of a change in form and consistency of stools, which become soft until melted and increased frequency of stools more than normal. (3 times or more in one day.

Factors affecting the diarrhea:
Environmental Nutrition Population
Social Education and Economic Behavior Society


Cause of the diarrhea:
A. Bacteria, viruses, parasites (fungi, worms, protozoa)
2. Poisoning of food / beverage caused by bacteria or chemicals
3. Malnutrition
4. Allergies to milk
5. Immuno deficiency

Mode of transmission:
Infection by the causative agent occurs when eating food / drinking water contaminated with feces / vomit diarrhea. Direct transmission can also occur when contaminated hands used to buy food.

The term diarrhea:
Acute diarrhea = less than 2 weeks
Persistent diarrhea = more than 2 weeks
Dysentery = diarrhea accompanied by blood with or without mucus
Cholera = diarrhea where the stool there Cholera bacteria
Proper management of patients with diarrhea and effective:
Management of patients with diarrhea at home
Improve the delivery of household liquid (vegetable broth, water, starch, salt sugar solution, if there is given ORS)
Continue the provision of soft foods and do not stimulate as well as extra food after diarrhea.
Bringing people with diarrhea to health facilities in 3 days if not improving, or:
A. defecate more frequently, and many
2. Continuous vomiting
3. Real thirst
4. Cannot drink or eat
5. High fever
6. There is blood in the stool

Criteria KLB / Diarrhea:
Increased incidence of morbidity / mortality due to diarrhea continuously for 3 consecutive periods (hours, days, weeks). - Increased incidence / mortality cases of diarrhea 2 times / more than the amount of morbidity / mortality due to diarrhea which is common in the previous period (hours, days, and weeks). - CFR of diarrhea in a specified period showed an increase of 50% or more compared to the previous period.


Control procedures outbreak / epidemic.

A. The pre-outbreak
Explore the possibility of an outbreak / epidemic is to implement the Early Alert System carefully, in addition to other step:
A. Raise awareness of good health center early in the SKD, personnel and logistics.
2. Establish and train Rapid Response Team clinic.
3. Intensify health education in public
4. Repair work lab
5. Increase cooperation with other agencies

Rapid Action Team (TGC):
A group of health workers in charge of completing the observation and control of outbreaks in the field according to the data centers or data sufferers epideomologis investigation. Tasks / activities:

Observations:
Another patient who did not search for treatment.
Rectal swab decision against suspected especially family members
Sampling of water wells, rivers, water plants, etc. that allegedly polluted and as a source of infection.
Tracking of cases to search for the origin and transmission of the virus distribution
Prevention of dehydration by administering ORS to every patient who was found in the field.
 Individual persons and families
Reports on the incidence of epidemics and how to control the complete

2. Formation Rehydration Center
To accommodate people with diarrhea who require care and treatment.
Central task of rehydration:
And provide medical care for patients with diarrhea who visit.
Keep records of the name, age, complete address, the incubation period, symptoms diagnosis and so on.
Officers provide the data patients to TGC
Arrange logistics
Taking a rectal swab of patients before treatment.
Counseling for patients and families
Keeping rehydration centers are not the source of infections (isolissation).
Make a daily report, weekly treated patients with diarrhea. (Infused, infused ill, outpatient, drug use, etc.