Polio Disease wild poliovirus

Know Polio Disease - Acute stage is characterized by increased body temperature, rarely occurred more than 10 days, sometimes accompanied by headache and vomiting. Paralysis occurred in the week beginning sick.
LABORATORY global reference in Mumbai, India, confirmed that the virus isolates sent from Sukabumi, West Java, the wild polio (wild poliovirus) Type 1.
Polio Eradication in the site which can be accessed at the site of the World Health Organization (WHO) noted, the virus found in infants aged 18 months were from West Africa (Reuters, May 4, 2005).
Therefore, it shocked the world of health Indonesia polio re-emergence of disease. The last time in 1995, Biofarma Laboratory, Department of Health Research and Development Center, and Central Health Laboratory Surabaya found seven patients
with polio in Malang, Cilacap, Medan, Palembang, and Probolinggo.
The cause of the disease was polio virus is composed of three strains, namely strain 1 (Brunhilde), strain 2 (lanzig), and strain 3 (Leon).
Strain 1 as found in most paralitogenik Sukabumi or the most vicious and often lead to outbreaks (outbreaks), whereas most benign strain 2. Including polio virus genus enteroviorus, picornavirus family.
Icosahedral form of the virus, with no cover (envelope) with genomic RNA, single stranded messenger molecule. Single stranded RNA formed nearly 30% of the virion and the rest consists of four major proteins (VP1-4) and a small protein (Vpg).

Clinical signs of poliomyelitis in humans is unclear. Most (90%) infection of polio virus causes inapparent infection, whereas 5% showing symptoms of abortive infection, 1% nonparalytic, and the rest showed clinical signs of paralytic. For patients with clinical signs of paralytic, 30% will be cured, 30% showed a mild disability, 30% showed severe paralysis, and 10% showed severe symptoms and can cause death. The incubation period is usually 3-35 days. Patient before the discovery of vaccines, especially under the age of 5 years. After the discovery of vaccines and improved sanitation, patient age shift in the age group of children over 5 years.

The acute stage - since there are clinical symptoms up to two weeks - is characterized by increased body temperature, rarely occurred more than 10 days, sometimes accompanied by headache and vomiting. Paralysis occurred in the week beginning sick. Paralysis that occurs due to damage cells in the spinal cord motor neurons (spinal cord) by a virus invasion.
The paralysis is asymmetrical, giving rise to the deformity (body shape disorders) that tend to persist or even become more severe. Most of paralysis occurred on the limbs (78.6%), while 41.4% will be on the arm. It runs a gradual paralysis and takes two days to two months.

Subacute stage (two weeks to two months) is characterized by the disappearance of fever within 24 hours or sometimes not too high temperatures. Sometimes, it is accompanied by muscle stiffness and mild muscle aches. Paralysis of the limbs are paralyzed and usually one side.

Konvalescent stage (two months to two years) is characterized by a weak recovery in muscle strength. Approximately 50% -70% of muscle function to recover within 6-9 months after the acute phase. Then after two years of age, is not expected to occur more improvement in muscle strength. Chronic stage or two years since the initial symptoms of the disease usually shows the rate of muscle strength and muscle paralysis settled permanently.

Deployment Mechanisms
Droplet infection from viruses transmitted oral-pharynx (mouth and throat) or patients with infectious feces. Transmission generally occurs directly from person to person through fecal-oral route (from feces to mouth) or a rather rare through the oral-oral (by word of mouth). Faecal-oral means beverage or food contaminated polio virus from stool of patients into other healthy human mouth. Meanwhile, the oral-oral route is the spread of saliva into the mouth of the patient that other healthy humans.
Polio virus is highly resistant to alcohol and lisol, but sensitive to formaldehyde and chlorine solution. High temperatures quickly kill viruses, but in a frozen state can last for years.
Virus resistance in soil and water depends on temperature and humidity of other microbes. The virus can survive for long in the waste water and surface water, even up to miles and miles from the source of infection.
Although the infection is mainly due to environmental contamination by the polio virus from patients with infectious, the virus that lives in a limited environment. One of the intermediate host or organism that can be demonstrated to date is a human.

Prevention
World Health Assembly in 1988 which followed most of the countries in the world, made a deal to make polio eradication (Erapo) in 2000. That is, the world polio free in 2000. Erapo program was first conducted to a high and thorough immunization. Then, followed by the National Immunization Week 1995 carried out MoH, 1996, and 1997. Polio immunization should be administered according to WHO recommendations are from birth to 4 times at intervals of 6-8 weeks.
Then, repeating the age of 1.5 years, and 15 years. The third effort is survailance accute flaccid paralysis, or the discovery of a suspected sufferer paralyzed paralyzed at age below 15 years. They should be checked to ensure the stool because of polio or not.
Another action is to conduct mopping-up. Namely, mass vaccination in polio survivors were found on children aged under five years with no previous polio immunization status.