Migraines are sometimes rather difficult to distinguish from other types of headaches. Headaches due to sinus problems or neck due to muscle strain has symptoms similar to migraine symptoms.
Migraine can occur with other diseases such as asthma and depression. A very serious disease, such as tumor or infection, can also cause symptoms similar to migraine. But these events are very rare.
How many kinds of migraine?
Migraine is divided into two major golongon namely:
* Common migraine (migraine without aura): Most people with migraine get into this type. Migraines are usually characterized by throbbing head pain on one side with a moderate to severe intensity and worsened during activity. Migraines are also accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, sound, and smell. Headache will be cured within 4 to 72 hours, even if not treated.
* Classic migraine (migraine with aura): In the classic type, migraine is usually preceded by a symptom called an aura, which occurs in 30 minutes before a migraine arises. Classic migraine is 30% of all migraines.
Other types of migraine include: Menstrual Migraine, ie migraine that occurred several days before menstruation, during menstruation, or after menstruation. Usually women who experience migraines find that these migraines associated with menstrual cycle. Menstrual migraine can form regular migraine or classic migraine. Complications of migraine, ie migraine is accompanied by symptoms of nervous system disorders, such as numbness and tingling, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, inability to move arms or legs. In migraine complications, neurological symptoms persisted despite a migraine has healed.What causes migraine?
The exact cause of migraine is not so clear. Expected, the brain's electrical impulses hiperaktiftas increase blood flow in the brain, resulting in cerebral blood vessel dilation and inflammation. Dilation and inflammation causing pain and other symptoms such as nausea. More severe inflammation that occurs, the more severe migraine suffered. It is known that genetic factors contribute to the onset of migraine.
What are the symptoms of migraine?
Early Symptoms
One or two days before a migraine arises, patients usually experience early symptoms such as weakness, excessive yawning, really wanted a food jensi (mislanya brown), irritable, and restless.
Aura
Aura is only found in classic migraine. Usually occurs within 30 minutes before the onset of migraine. Can be shaped aura visual disturbances like seeing wavy lines, bright lights, dark spots, or not able to see objects clearly. Other aura symptoms are tingling or tingling in the hand. Some people can not pronounce the words properly, felt numbness in hands, shoulders, or face, or feel weak on one side of his body, or feeling confused. Patients may experience only one symptom or several kinds of symptoms, but these symptoms do not occur simultaneously but alternately. An aura symptoms usually disappear when the head pain or other symptoms of aura that arise. But sometimes the aura symptoms persisted at the beginning of a headache.
Headache and accompanying symptoms
Patients feel the throbbing pain on one side of the head, often felt behind the eye. Pain may move to the other side on the next attack, or on both sides. The pain ranges from moderate to severe. Other symptoms that often accompany the headache include:
* Excessive sensitivity to light, sounds, and smells
* Nausea and vomiting
* Symptoms of more severe if the physical activity
Without treatment, the headache usually resolves itself within four to 72 hours.
Symptoms of End
Once cured headache, the patient may feel pain in muscles, weakness, or even feel the excitement of the brief. These symptoms disappear within 24 hours after the disappearance of headache.
What can trigger a migraine?
Migraines can be triggered by foods, stress, and changes in daily routine activity, although it is unclear how and why it can cause migraines. Migraine triggers include:
* Consumption of certain foods such as chocolate, MSG, and coffee
* Sleeping too much or lack of sleep
* Do not eat
* Changes in weather or air pressure
* Stress or emotional distress
* The smell was terrible or cigarette smoke
* A very bright light or reflected sunlight.
Anyone who suffers from migraines?
Approximately 28 million people in the U.S. suffer from migraines. Around the world, migraines about 25% of women and 10% of men.
Women are two to three times more often affected by migraine than men. Migraine is most often the adults (aged between 20 to 5o years), but with age, the severity and frequency decreased. Migraines are usually a lot of teenagers. In fact, children can experience migraine, either with or without aura. Greater risk of experiencing migraine in people who have a family history of migraine sufferers.
How to diagnose a migraine?
The doctor will ask medical history and lifestyle of the patient and perform physical examination. There is no laboratory test that can support the diagnosis of migraine. Migraines are sometimes difficult to diagnose because the symptoms can mimic symptoms of other headaches. For example, some people are diagnosed with sinus headaches due to disorder, when in fact they suffer from migraines.
Your doctor may use the International Headache Society criteria for migraine diagnosis. You are diagnosed migraine if you have 5 or more headache attacks without aura (or two attacks with aura) who recovered within 4 to 72 hours without treatment and followed by symptoms of nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound.
Your doctor will examine the symptoms you experience and decide whether you need to undergo further examination to rule out other diseases that cause your headaches. The tests include:
* MRI or CT scan, which can be used to remove the tumor and brain hemorrhage.
* Lumbar puncture, performed if there were an estimated meningitis or brain hemorrhage.
How the treatment of migraine?
In the early stages you can use antinyeri that can be purchased freely without prescription, like acetaminophen, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen sodium, to reduce the symptoms of migraine.
Doctors usually recommend to first use of NSAIDs to see if the drug is able to reduce pain before delivering anti-migraine drug group that has to be purchased with a prescription, which has many side effects.
You can also try to reduce the frequency of migraines by recognizing and avoiding triggers that can cause migraines.
The types of migraine medications include:
Anti Migraine - used to stop migraine attacks, including:
* Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, which is a first-line drugs for reducing symptoms of migraine.
* Triptans (serotonin receptor agonists). This drug is given to stop an acute migraine attack quickly. Triptan is also used to prevent migraine remedy period.
* Ergotamine, for example Cafegot, the drug is not as effective as triptans in treating migraine.
* Midrin, which is composed of isometheptana drugs, acetaminophen, and dikloralfenazon. If in Indonesia found a combination of acetaminophen (paracetamol) and profenazon.
Migraine prevention - is used to prevent migraine attacks, including:
* Beta blockers such as propanolol
* Calcium channel blockers, which reduce the number of vessel narrowing (constriction) of blood
* Antidepressants such as amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, which proved effective for preventing migraine.
* Anticonvulsants
If your migraines are mild to moderate pain, you just need antinyeri-counter to relieve symptoms. If you are moderate to severe migraine, you need antimigrain purchased with a prescription. If you experience frequent migraine attacks, your doctor may suggest to take drugs to prevent migraines.
Some of the drugs to prevent migraines can cause mild to severe side effects in some patients. Patients who have heart problems or high blood pressure uncontrolled should not take this medicine. Patients older than 65 years, migraine preventive drugs are not recommended.
Usually you need to try several medications before you find one that best fits you.
If you experience nausea or vomiting as a side effect of treatment antimigrain, your doctor also usually prescribe anti-nausea and vomiting such as prochlorperazine or metoclopramide, to reduce the symptoms.
Although drugs are usually the primary treatment of migraine, typically complementary therapies can help reduce symptoms and frequency of migraine attacks. Complementary therapies include:
* Acupuncture, which is a very fine needles into the skin at certain points to cause the flow of energy throughout the body. This can help relax muscles and reduce headache pain.
* Relaxation techniques, which can help reduce stress in everyday life.
What to do if treatment does not bring results?
If a migraine does not recover even after treatment, need to change the type of drug. If you have not healed well, additional tests such as MRI or CT scan should be done to rule out other causes.
What can you do at home?
There are several ways you can do at home to reduce the frequency of attacks and reduce the symptoms, such as reducing stress and identify migraine triggers, then avoid it.
* Overcome stress you experience, because migraines are more common in times of stress.
* Following mengunragi relaxation exercises for muscle tension.
* Provide antinyeri drugs that can be purchased in drugstores.
* Keep a diary of your headaches. It can help you to identify the originator, then avoid it. Of note is also to know whether you are getting frequent migraines or gain weight.
* If you estimate that you experience migraines have a relationship of depression or anxiety, try asking for help to overcome depression and anxiety. Decreased depression and anxiety associated with the reduced frequency of migraine attacks.
How do I prevent migraines?
The best way to deal with migraines is to avoid it. By identifying and avoiding triggers, the number and severity of migraine attacks can be reduced. Indeed, some spark beyond our ability to control, but there are some that can be avoided. The following points may help you to prevent migraines:
* Identifying migraine triggers with a journal
* Sleep and activity on a regular basis
* Eat regularly, and avoid foods that can trigger migraines
* Coping with stress
* Avoiding cigarette smoke, either as active and passive smokers
Prevention can also be done with drugs, although side effects can occur from mild to moderate. The drug is also usually rather expensive. However, these drugs are sometimes effective to prevent and reduce the severity of migraine, which improves the quality of life.
Anyone who is at high risk of suffering from migraines?
* Having a family who suffer from migraines
* Women, three times more often than men.
* Teenagers or young adults
* Suffering from depression, anxiety disorders, asthma, or epilepsy.
Contact your doctor if ....
* Your headache does not improve within 1 or 2 days, or you often wake up at night.
* Your headache becomes more intense or more frequent
* New symptoms arise
* There is a problem with your treatment
* You have a headache after physical activity, sexual activity, coughing, or sneezing
* Your activity disrupted by your headaches (for example, you often have to be absent from work or school).
Immediately to the hospital if ...
A. You have a very severe headaches that occur suddenly does not seem like a headache you've ever experienced.
2. You have a fever and stiff neck
3. You have nausea and vomiting are severe and can not eat or drink.
4. You have symptoms of stroke include:
* Numbness, paralysis, or weakness of the face, arm or leg suddenly.
* Feeling dizzy and squash
* A sudden vision changes
* Disruption to speak or understand a simple sentence
* Disruption to walk or stand.
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